Usuario:Leeheonjin/Taller
Korean Reunification Thesaurus
남북 통일 유의어 사전 (南北統一類義語辭典)
북남통일 류의어사전 (北南統一類義語辭典)
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| Foreign Language Equivalent | Southern Term 표준어 標準語 |
Northern Term 문화어 文化語 |
Notes / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alto, Contralto | 알토, 콘트랄토 | 녀성저음 (女性低音) |
GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "저" (low, beneath), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Anguilla | 앵귈라 | 앵귈러 | Anguilla is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean |
| Apartment, Flat (アパート) | 아파트 | 문화주택 (文化住宅), 아빠트 | GLOSS: "문화" (culture), "주택" (housing, residential) |
| Australia | 호주, 오스트레일리아 | 오스트랄리아 | The Hanja form of "호주" (hoju) is "濠州"; however it is "豪州" (goushuu) in Kanji The southern term "오스트레일리아" was derived from the approximate Australian accent pronunciation of Australia [ɒˈstreɪliə]; the northern term, on the other hand is from Russian "Австралия" (Avstraliya) |
| Backstroke, Back Crawl | 배영 (背泳) |
누운헤염 | GLOSS: "누운" (lying, recumbent, supine), "헤염" (swim) |
| Bangladesh (অরুণাচল প্রদেশ, अरुणाचल प्रदेश) | 방글라데시 | 방글라데슈 | |
| Barber's Shop (理髮所) | 이발소 | 리발소 | |
| Baritone | 바리톤 | 남성중음 (男性中音) |
GLOSS: "남성" (male), "중" (centre, middle), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Basketball (籠球) | 농구 | 롱구 | |
| Bass | 베이스 | 남성저음 (男性低音) |
GLOSS: "남성" (male), "저" (low, beneath), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Belarus (Беларусь) | 벨라루스 | 벨라루씨 | |
| Brussels (Brussel) | 브뤼셀 | 브류쎌 | |
| Bulgaria (Болгария) | 불가리아 | 벌가리아 | The northern term was derived from Russian; the Bulgarian term though is "България" (Bŭlgariya) |
| Cairo (القاهرة) | 카이로 | 까히라 | |
| Cambodia (Камбоджа) | 캄보디아 | 캄보쟈 | |
| Canada (Канада) | 캐나다 | 카나다 | The southern term was not derived from English, but from French (though uncertain of the claims) |
| Caramel | 캐러멜 | 기름사탕 | "기름사탕" (gireum satang) literally means "oil candy" |
| Cartilage | 연골 (軟骨) |
삭뼈 | |
| Campaign (Кампания) | 캠페인 | 깜빠니아 | |
| Cherry Blossom | 벚꽃 | 벗꽃 | In the south, the spelling catches the word as the combination of "벚" (beot) and "꽃" (kkot), but in the north, this is no longer recognised and thus the word is written as pronounced as "벗꽃" (same as in the south) |
| Chopsticks | 젓가락 | 저가락 | Both can either be pronounced as "젇까락" [tɕʌt̚k͈aɾak̚] or "저까락" [tɕʌk͈aɾak̚] |
| Civilians, Citizens, Public | 민간인 (民間人) 일반인 (一般人) |
사회사람 (社會사람) |
|
| Closure (閉鎖) | 폐쇄 | 페쇄 | Where a Hanja is written 폐 [pʰje] in the South, this is written 페 [pʰe] in the North (but even in the South, it is pronounced as 페 /pʰe/) |
| Coalition (聯合) | 연합 | 련합 | |
| Cold Noodles (冷麵) | 냉면 | 랭면 | |
| Cold Water (冷水) | 냉수 | 랭수 | |
| Competence, Strength (力量) | 역량 | 력량 | |
| Computer | 컴퓨터 | 콤퓨터 | |
| Conifer | 구과식물 (毬果植物) |
바늘잎식물 | GLOSS: "바늘" (needle), "잎" (leaf), "식물" (tree) Typical examples of conifers include cedars, douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews |
| Connection, Link (聯結) | 연결 | 련결 | |
| Contribution to a Feast (醵) | 갹 | 거 | |
| Copenhagen (København) | 코펜하겐 | 쾨뻰하븐 | |
| Corn, Maize | 옥수수 | 강냉이 | "강냉이" (gangnaeng'i) is also heard in some southern dialects of Korean |
| Courtesy, Etiquette, Manners | 예의 | 례의 | |
| Cuisine (料理) | 요리 | 료리 | |
| Cup (コップ) | 컵 | 고뿌 | |
| Czechoslovakia (Československo) | 체코슬로바키아 | 체스꼬슬로벤스꼬 | |
| Cuba (Куба) | 쿠바 | 꾸바 | |
| Dentist | 치과의사 (歯科醫師) |
구강의사 (口腔醫師) |
The northern term literally means "oral physician" |
| Discipline, Rules, Order (規律) | 규율 | 규률 | |
| Divorce (離婚) | 이혼 | 리혼 | |
| Downfall (落下) | 낙하 | 락하 | |
| Dunk Shoot | 덩크 슛 | 꽂아넣기 | |
| Egypt | 이집트 | 에짚트 | Traditionally "애급" (埃及, aegeup) |
| Elderly Person (老人) | 노인 | 로인 | This is neutral in the north, but is pejorative in the south |
| Elementary School | 초등학교 (初等學校) |
소학교 (小學校) |
|
| Energy (エネルギー) | 에너지 | 에네르기 | |
| Female (女性) | 여성 | 녀성 | |
| Friend | 친구 (親舊 |
동무 (同務) |
The word "동무" (dongmu) that is used to mean "friend" in the North was originally a native Korean word used across the whole of Korea, but after the division of Korea, the north began to use it as a translation of the Russian term "Товарищ" (Tovarishch, "comrade" or "friend"), and since then, the word has come to mean "comrade" in the south as well and has fallen out of use there |
| Frying | 튀김 | 튀기 | |
| Germany (Deutschland) | 독일 | 도이췰란드 | The southern name "독일" (dogil) is the Korean pronunciation of the former Japanese name "獨逸" (doitsu, now largely superseded by its Katakana form ドイツ). The compound coined by the Japanese was adapted into Korean, so its characters 獨逸 are not pronounced do+itsu as in Japanese, but dok+il = Dogil. Until the 1980s, southern primary textbooks adopted "도이칠란트" (do'ichillanteu) which approximates the German pronunciation [ˈdɔʏtʃ.lant] of Deutschland. The official northern name "도이췰란드" (toich'willandŭ) approximates the German pronunciation [ˈdɔʏtʃ.lant] of Deutschland. Traditionally "독일" had been used in the north until the 1990s. Use of the Chinese name "德國" (in its Korean pronunciation "덕국" [deokguk]) is attested for the early 20th century, though is now obsolete. |
| Goalkeeper | 골키퍼 | 문지기 | "문지기" (munjigi) in the south will just mean "gatekeeper" or "doorkeeper" |
| Goose | 거위 | 케사니 | |
| Guadeloupe | 과들루프 | 과들루쁘 | Guadeloupe (Antillean Creole "Gwadloup", Spanish "Guadalupe") is an overseas territory of France in the Carribean |
| Hair Dryer | 헤어드라이어 | 건발기 | |
| Haiti (Haïti) | 아이티 | 아이띠 | |
| Hamburger | 햄버거 | 고기겹빵 | GLOSS: "고기" (meat), "겹" (fold), "빵" (bread) |
| Hammer | 망치 | 마치 | |
| Handling | 핸들링 | 손다치기 | |
| Helicopter | 헬리콥터 | 직승기 (直升機) |
"직승기" (jikseunggi) literally means "straight-rise machine" |
| Historiography (歷史學) | 역사학 | 력사학 | |
| History (歷史) | 역사 | 력사 | |
| Hokkaido (北海道) | 홋카이도 | 혹가이도 | Traditionally "북해도" (bukhaedo) |
| Hungary (Magyar) | 헝가리 | 마쟈르, 웽그리아 | The northern term "웽그리아" (wonggeuria) was derived from Russian "Венгрия" (Vengriya) |
| Ice Cream | 아이스크림 | 얼음보숭이, 얼음과자 | GLOSS: "얼음" (ice), "과자" (confectionery[?]) |
| India | 인도 (印度) |
인디아 | |
| Indian Ocean | 인도양 (印度洋) |
인디아양 (인디아洋) |
|
| Inn | 여인숙 | 려인숙 | |
| Italy (Italia) | 이탈리아 | 이딸리아 | Existence of "의대리" (意大利, euidaeri) uncertain |
| Jazz | 재즈 | 쟈즈 | |
| Juice | 주스 | 단물 | "단물" (danmul) in the south means "sweet water" and "honeydew" |
| Keyboard Instrument (musical, i.e. Clavier) | 건반 악기 (鍵盤樂器) |
누르개악기 | |
| Khasan (Хасан) | 하산 | 하싼 | Khasan is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Khasansky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, the only inhabited locality on the border with the north |
| Kilo (キロ) | 킬로 | 키로 | |
| Leaf | 나뭇잎 | 나무잎 | Both are pronounced as "나문닙" (namunnip) though |
| Leipzig | 라이프치히 | 라이프찌히 | City in the federal distric of Saxony in Germany |
| Lettuce | 상추 | 부루 | |
| Lunch (box) | 도시락 | 곽밥 | |
| Magma | 마그마 | 돌물 | GLOSS: "돌" (stone), "물" (water) |
| Meter, Metre | 미터 | 메터 | |
| Mexico (México, Méjico) | 멕시코 | 메히꼬 | |
| Mezzo Soprano | 메조소프라노 | 녀성중음 (女性中音) |
GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "중" (centre, middle), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Mount Halla (漢拏山) | 한라산 | 한나산 | The pronunciation in the south (hallasan) is the same in the north |
| Nakdong River (洛東江) | 낙동강 | 락동강 | |
| Netherlands, The (Nederland) | 네덜란드 | 네데를란드 | |
| Nun, Priestess (尼僧) | 이승 | 니승 | |
| On, Above | 위 | 우 | |
| One-Piece Dress | 원피스 | 달린옷 | |
| Online Game | 온라인 게임 | 직결유희 (直結遊戯) |
GLOSS: "직결" (direct), "유" (connection, bind), "희" (game, play) |
| Paradise (樂園) | 낙원 | 락원 | |
| Past | 과거 (過去) |
어제날 | |
| Penalty Kick, Free Kick | 페널티킥, 프리킥 | 벌차기 | GLOSS: "벌" (punishment), "차기" (kick) |
| Persia | 페르시아 | 페르샤 | |
| Peru (Perú) | 페루 | 뻬루 | |
| Pizza | 피차 | 삐쨔 | |
| Plain, Flat | 평야 (平野) 평지 (平地) |
벌방 | In geography, a plain is a flat area that occurs as a lowland and at the bottoms of valleys but also on plateaus or uplands at high elevations |
| Portugal | 포르투갈 | 뽀르뚜갈 | Existence of "포도아" (葡萄牙) uncertain |
| Poland (Polska) | 폴란드 | 뽈스까 | |
| Prague (Praha) | 프라하 | 쁘라하 | |
| Practice, Workout (練習) | 연습 | 련습 | |
| Prostate Glands | 전립샘 (前立샘) |
전위선 | |
| Pythagorean Theorem | 피타고라스의 정리 | 세평방정리 (세平方定理) |
"세평방정리" (sepyeongbang jeongri) literally means "Three-square Theorem" |
| Qatar (Катар) | 카타르 | 까타르 | "قطر" is the Arabic form |
| Radio (ラジオ) | 라디오 | 라지오 | |
| Rail (レール) | 레일 | 레루 | The northern term was derived from English via Japanese |
| Reason (理由) | 이유 | 리유 | |
| Romania (România) | 루마니아 | 로므니아 | The southern term was derived from the English obsolete spelling "Rumania" |
| Russia (Россия) | 러시아 | 로씨야 | The southern term was derived from English, whereas the northern was from Russian |
| Ryanggang Province (兩江道) | 양강도 | 량강도 | The official Romanisation (McCune-Reischauer) is "Ryanggang-do" since the province is currently under effective jurisdiction of the northern government; however, in the south, it is romanised (Revised Romanisation) as "Yanggang-do", and is regarded as part of North Hamgyong Province (함경북도, 咸鏡北道) though |
| Sad Separation (袂別) | 몌별 | 메별 | Where a Hanja is written 몌 [mje] in the South, this is written 메 [me] in the North (but even in the South, it is pronounced as 메 /me/) |
| Saturday | 토요일 (土曜日) |
문화일 (文化日) |
|
| Seaweed | 바닷말 | 바다나물 | GLOSS: "바다" (sea), "나물" (herb) The Sino-Korean word is "해조" (海藻, haejo); however, ""해조" may also mean "harmony" or "melody" (諧調), "seabird" (海鳥), "tide" (海潮) or "vermin" ("害鳥", colloquially "varmint" or "varmit", pests or nuisance animals, especially those that threaten human society by spreading diseases or destroying crops and livestock) |
| Serbia (Србија) | 세르비아 | 쓰르비아, 쎄르비아 | "쓰르비아" was derived from Serbian "Србија" (Srbija); "쎄르비아" from Russian "Сербия" (Serbiya) |
| Seven (7) | 일곱 | 닐곱 | Not to be confused with the Sino-Korean of seven "칠" (七, chil) |
| Shampoo | 샴푸 | 머리물비누 | GLOSS: "머리" (hair, head), "물" (water, liquid), "비누" (soap) |
| Shorts | 반바지 | 무릎바지 | |
| Silicate (Силикат) | 실리케이트 | 실리카트 | |
| Skin Lotion | 스킨 로션 | 살결물 | GLOSS: "살결" (complexion, flesh), "물" (water, liquid) |
| Soprano | 소프라노 | 녀성고음 (女性高音) |
GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "고" (high), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Soviet Union | 소비에트 연방 (소련) | 쏘베트련맹 (쏘련) | The northern term "쏘베트" (ssobeteu) came from the Russian word "Совет" (Sovet) which literally means "council" "소련" and "쏘련" are both "蘇聯" in Hanja; "연방" (yeonbang) is "聯邦", and "련맹" (ryonmeng) is "聯盟" which both mean union or confederation |
| Spaghetti | 스파게티 | 스빠게띠 | |
| Spain (España) | 스페인 | 에스빠냐 | Existence of "서반아" (西班牙, seobana) uncertain |
| Stocking | 스타킹 | 살양말, 스토킹 | "스타킹" (seutaking) is from American English; "스토킹" (sŭt'ok'ing) from British English |
| Sunlight, Sunshine | 햇빛 | 해빛 | The "sai siot" ('ㅅ' used for indicating sound change) is almost never written out in the north |
| Supervision | 감독 (監督) |
책임연출 (責任演出) |
GLOSS: "책임" (Reponsibility), "연출" (Production) |
| Sweden (Sverige) | 스웨덴 | 스웨리예 | |
| Swimming | 헤엄 수영 (水泳) |
헤염 | |
| Syria (سوريا) | 시리아 | 수리아 | |
| Tape | 테이프 | 띠 테프 (テープ) |
"띠" (ti) literally means "belt" or "girdle" |
| Television [Channel] | 텔레비전 [채널] | 텔레비죤 [통로] | |
| Tenor (男性高音) | 테너 | 남성고음 | GLOSS: "남성" (male), "고" (high), "음" (voice, sound) |
| Togo (Того) | 토고 | 또고 | |
| Tokyo (東京) | 도쿄 | 도꾜 | Traditionally "동경", though the latter may also mean "East Longitude" (東經) or "Copper Mirror" (銅鏡) |
| Tractor (Трактор) | 트랙터 | 뜨락또르 | |
| Train (列車) | 열차 | 렬차 | |
| Tunisia (Tunisie) | 튀니지 | 뜌니지 | |
| Turtle | 거북 | 거부기 | |
| Ulan Bator (Улаанбаатар) | 울란바토르 | 울란바따르 | The northern term was derived from Mongolian "Улаанбаатар" (Ulaanbataar); "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ" (Ulaganbagatur) in Mongolian script |
| United Arab Emirates | 아랍에미리트 | 아랍추장국 | "酋長國" is the Hanja form of "추장국" (chujangguk) |
| Upright | 올바르다 | 옳바르다 | ol| part shows that the etymological origin is forgotten, and the word is written as pronounced as 올바르다 (olbareuda); in the North, the first part is seen to come from 옳다 (olhda) and thus, the whole word is written 옳바르다 (pronounced the same as in the South) |
| Uzbekistan (Узбекистан) | 우즈베키스탄 | 우즈베끼스딴 | |
| Valley | 골짜기 | 골시내 | The Sino-Korean is "계곡" (溪谷, gyegok) |
| Video (ビデオ) | 비디오 | 비데오 | |
| Video Tape Recorder (VTR) | 비디오 테이프 레코더 | 록화기 | |
| Vietnam (Việt Nam) | 베트남 | 윁남 | Traditionally "월남" (越南, wolnam) |
| Vladivostok (Владивосток) | 블라디보스토크 | 울라지보스또끄 | |
| Wagon, Cart | 수레 | 달구지 | |
| Warsaw (Warszawa) | 바르샤바 | 와르샤와 | |
| Woman (女子) | 여자 | 녀자 | |
| Worker (勞動者) | 노동자 | 로동자 |
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