SpiNNaker

SpiNNaker (Spiking Neural Network Architecture) es una arquitectura para computadoras multi-core diseñada por el grupo de investigación de tecnologías para procesadores avanzados (APT) en la Escuela de Ciencias Informáticas de la Universidad de Mánchester (School of Computer Science, Universidad de Mánchester)^[1] dirigido por Steve Furber, para simular el cerebro humano (Human Brain Project). Utiliza un millón de procesadores ARM^[2] en una plataforma de cálculo altamente paralelizada basada en redes neuronales spiking (redes neuronales de impulsos)^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

SpiNNaker será utilizado como componente de una plataforma de computación neuromórfica para el proyecto Human Brain^[11]^[12]

Historia

El proyecto nació en 1998, y está en desarrollo desde 2006. Inicialmente recibía fondos del Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), mientras que hoy en día todo está apoyado por el Human Brain Project.

El sistema se ha utilizado para modelar 80,000 neuronas de la corteza cerebral y los ganglios basales pero también para controlar un robot^[13].

El 14 de octubre de 2018 la HBP anunció que el objetivo de un millón de núcleos había sido alcanzado.^[14]^[15] Finalmente, la máquina se encendió por primera vez el 2 de noviembre de 2018.

Referencias

↑ Advanced Processor Technologies Research Group
↑ Steve Furber entrevistado en BBC Click
↑ University of Manchester (ed.). SpiNNaker Home Page.
↑ Furber, S. B.; Galluppi, F.; Temple, S.; Plana, L. A. (2014). «The SpiNNaker Project». Proceedings of the IEEE: 1. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2014.2304638.
↑ Xin Jin; Furber, S. B.; Woods, J. V. (2008). «Efficient modelling of spiking neural networks on a scalable chip multiprocessor». 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence). pp. 2812-2819. ISBN 978-1-4244-1820-6. doi:10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634194.
↑ Temple, S.; Furber, S. (2007). «Neural systems engineering». Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4 (13): 193. PMC 2359843. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0177. A manifesto for the SpiNNaker project, surveying and reviewing the general level of understanding of brain function and approaches to building computer model of the brain.
↑ Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. B. apellido3= Temple (2007). «A GALS Infrastructure for a Massively Parallel Multiprocessor». IEEE Design & Test of Computers 24 (5): 454. doi:10.1109/MDT.2007.149. A description of the Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) nature of SpiNNaker, with an overview of the asynchronous communications hardware designed to transmit neural 'spikes' between processors.
↑ Navaridas, J.; Luján, M.; Miguel-Alonso, J.; Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. (2009). «Understanding the interconnection network of SpiNNaker». Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Conference on Supercomputing - ICS '09. p. 286. ISBN 978-1-60558-498-0. doi:10.1145/1542275.1542317. Modelling and analysis of the SpiNNaker interconnect in a million-core machine, showing the suitability of the packet-switched network for large-scale spiking neural network simulation.
↑ Rast, A.; Galluppi, F.; Davies, S.; Plana, L.; Patterson, C.; Sharp, T.; Lester, D.; Furber, S. (2011). «Concurrent heterogeneous neural model simulation on real-time neuromimetic hardware». Neural Networks 24 (9): 961-978. PMID 21778034. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2011.06.014. A demonstration of SpiNNaker's ability to simulate different neural models (simultaneously, if necessary) in contrast to other neuromorphic hardware.
↑ Sharp, T.; Galluppi, F.; Rast, A.; Furber, S. (2012). «Power-efficient simulation of detailed cortical microcircuits on SpiNNaker». Journal of Neuroscience Methods 210 (1): 110-118. PMID 22465805. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.03.001. Four-chip, real-time simulation of a four-million-synapse cortical circuit, showing the extreme energy efficiency of the SpiNNaker architecture
↑ Calimera, A; Macii, E; Poncino, M (2013). «The Human Brain Project and neuromorphic computing». Functional neurology 28 (3): 191-6. PMC 3812737. PMID 24139655.
↑ Monroe, D. (2014). «Neuromorphic computing gets ready for the (really) big time». Communications of the ACM 57 (6): 13-15. doi:10.1145/2601069.
↑ https://www.tomshw.it/hardware/il-supercomputer-neuromorfico-con-1-milione-di-core-che-mima-il-cervello-umano/ El supercomputador neuromórfico con 1 millón de núcleos que imita el cerebro humano
↑ «SpiNNaker brain simulation project hits one million cores on a single machine» (en inglés).
↑ Petrut Bogdan (14 de octubre de 2018). [https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3MlOAru6Qk SpiNNaker: 1 million core neuromorphic platform].

Enlaces externos

SpiNNaker 2 - University of Dresden: https://open-neuromorphic.org/neuromorphic-computing/hardware/spinnaker-2-university-of-dresden/
SpiNNcloud news blog: https://spinncloud.com/introducing-spinnaker2-the-future-of-hybrid-brain-inspired-high-performance-computing/

[1] Advanced Processor Technologies Research Group

[click-2] Steve Furber entrevistado en BBC Click

[UoM-3] University of Manchester (ed.). SpiNNaker Home Page.

[PIEEE-4] Furber, S. B.; Galluppi, F.; Temple, S.; Plana, L. A. (2014). «The SpiNNaker Project». Proceedings of the IEEE: 1. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2014.2304638.

[IEEE-5] Xin Jin; Furber, S. B.; Woods, J. V. (2008). «Efficient modelling of spiking neural networks on a scalable chip multiprocessor». 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence). pp. 2812-2819. ISBN 978-1-4244-1820-6. doi:10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634194.

[6] Temple, S.; Furber, S. (2007). «Neural systems engineering». Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4 (13): 193. PMC 2359843. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0177. A manifesto for the SpiNNaker project, surveying and reviewing the general level of understanding of brain function and approaches to building computer model of the brain.

[7] Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. B. apellido3= Temple (2007). «A GALS Infrastructure for a Massively Parallel Multiprocessor». IEEE Design & Test of Computers 24 (5): 454. doi:10.1109/MDT.2007.149. A description of the Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) nature of SpiNNaker, with an overview of the asynchronous communications hardware designed to transmit neural 'spikes' between processors.

[8] Navaridas, J.; Luján, M.; Miguel-Alonso, J.; Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. (2009). «Understanding the interconnection network of SpiNNaker». Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Conference on Supercomputing - ICS '09. p. 286. ISBN 978-1-60558-498-0. doi:10.1145/1542275.1542317. Modelling and analysis of the SpiNNaker interconnect in a million-core machine, showing the suitability of the packet-switched network for large-scale spiking neural network simulation.

[9] Rast, A.; Galluppi, F.; Davies, S.; Plana, L.; Patterson, C.; Sharp, T.; Lester, D.; Furber, S. (2011). «Concurrent heterogeneous neural model simulation on real-time neuromimetic hardware». Neural Networks 24 (9): 961-978. PMID 21778034. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2011.06.014. A demonstration of SpiNNaker's ability to simulate different neural models (simultaneously, if necessary) in contrast to other neuromorphic hardware.

[10] Sharp, T.; Galluppi, F.; Rast, A.; Furber, S. (2012). «Power-efficient simulation of detailed cortical microcircuits on SpiNNaker». Journal of Neuroscience Methods 210 (1): 110-118. PMID 22465805. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.03.001. Four-chip, real-time simulation of a four-million-synapse cortical circuit, showing the extreme energy efficiency of the SpiNNaker architecture

[11] Calimera, A; Macii, E; Poncino, M (2013). «The Human Brain Project and neuromorphic computing». Functional neurology 28 (3): 191-6. PMC 3812737. PMID 24139655.

[12] Monroe, D. (2014). «Neuromorphic computing gets ready for the (really) big time». Communications of the ACM 57 (6): 13-15. doi:10.1145/2601069.

[13] ttps://www.tomshw.it/hardware/il-supercomputer-neuromorfico-con-1-milione-di-core-che-mima-il-cervello-umano/ El supercomputador neuromórfico con 1 millón de núcleos que imita el cerebro humano

[14] «SpiNNaker brain simulation project hits one million cores on a single machine» (en inglés).

[15] Petrut Bogdan (14 de octubre de 2018). [https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3MlOAru6Qk SpiNNaker: 1 million core neuromorphic platform].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]